黄河三角洲是中国暖温带保存最完整、最广阔和最年轻的滨海湿地生态系统，近年来由于人类活动等因素的影响加剧了湿地生态退化。为了探索有效的人工促进模式以提高有限淡水利用率，把土壤盐分控制在植物耐盐阈值内，最终提升退化湿地自我维持能力，本研究以黄河故道区退化湿地为研究对象，通过对有限淡水、盐分、养分和耐盐植被的优化控制以及对退化湿地恢复机制的揭示，探索可控条件下退化湿地的人工促进恢复关键技术与优化模式。主要结论如下：（1）两种碱蓬（中潮滩碱蓬，JP1；低潮滩碱蓬，JP2）的种子发芽率均随盐分的升高而降低，相同盐分条件下JP1的发芽率以及鲜重干重均明显高于JP2。在高盐分胁迫下，高N浓度或者低P浓度有利于二者种子的萌发和幼苗的生长。两种碱蓬在高盐分条件下均表现出较高的平均生长量，这可能是碱蓬对高盐分胁迫的一种特殊适应机制。（2）高盐分胁迫条件下N/P=9.5时，高浓度的N、P对两种碱蓬的种子萌发和幼苗的生长均有促进作用。N/P=17时，不论是高盐分还是低盐分胁迫下，高浓度的N、P均有利于两种碱蓬种子的萌发和幼苗的生长，而平均生长量的变化趋势与之相反。（3）引发技术应用于盐生植物碱蓬种子萌发有较好的效果，表现为在高盐分条件下，用KNO₃引发有利于碱蓬种子的萌发，而用KH₂PO₄引发则有利于幼苗的生长。（4）水分条件和残体混土方式对碱蓬生长期的土壤养分状况存在一定影响，整体表现为两种人工水分干预方案土壤养分含量大于真实降水条件，混土处理土壤的有机质和溶解有机碳（DOC）含量高于表层覆盖，而其他土壤指标的变化趋势在不同时期具有不同表现。（5）两种有限淡水人工干预方案条件下碱蓬种子萌发率、株高、分枝数、叶绿素含量以及鲜重均优于真实降水情况，表层覆盖处理有利于碱蓬的生长以及对P的积累，混土和覆盖对株高和分枝数、叶绿素含量的影响不存在显著差异。（6）构建了黄河故道区退化湿地恢复的优化管理模式，明确了人工促进恢复优化模式在黄河三角洲退化湿地恢复中的重要作用。本优化模式从种子萌发开始，研究了N、P浓度、N/P比以及不同引发技术对碱蓬种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响，解决了在退化湿地区碱蓬的立苗问题。结合研究区域的实际情况，依据经济可行性原则，采用不同水分干预方式、不用残体覆盖方式、不同残体覆盖量与耐盐植被相结合的方案，对黄河故道区退化湿地恢复机制进行了探索，并对恢复模式进行了优化，最终得出：“高N低P（N/P=17）—种子引发—人工干预方案一水分条件—表层覆盖的残体添加方式”为黄河故道区退化湿地人工促进恢复的最优模式。

The Yellow River delta, which is the best integrated, broadest and youngest coastal wetland ecosystem in China, is seriously degraded in recent years due to human frequent activities. In this thesis, the degraded wetland in the old course of Yellow River was selected as study object in order to explore the artificial promotion pattern to elevate the utilization rate of the limited freshwater, control the soil salinity that the plant can endure, and finally promote self-maintenance capacity of the degraded wetlands. The limited freshwater, salinity, nutrient, and halophytes were optimally controlled to explore the artificial promotion measures and optimal pattern of the restoration of the degraded wetland. The main results were drawn as follows: (1) Germination rate of S. salsa in the middle (JP1) wetland and S. salsa in low (JP2) tidal wetland decreased with increasing salinity. At the same condition of salinity, germination rate of JP1 was higher than that of JP2. High nitrogen condition or low phosphorus condition was in favor of germination and seedling growth under high salinity conditions (600mM). The average growth rate reached maximum at high salinity condition, which might be a special adaptation mechanism to salinity stress. (2) At high salinity conditions, high nitrogen and phosphorus condition stimulated germination and seedling growth as the value of N/P (nitrogen/phosphorus) ratio was 9.5, while germination and seedling growth were promoted at all salt conditions as the value of N/P ratio was 17. However, the average growth rate was in opposite. (3) Priming technology had important effects on the germination of S. salsa seeds. Seeds primed with KNO₃ could improve the germination at the low salinity, while priming with KH₂PO₄ could improve the seedling growth at the high salinity. (4) Limited freshwater intervention and litter coverage or mixture measures had important influences on the soil physicochemical properties. The effects of the two artificial freshwater intervention schemes (Ⅰ, Ⅱ) were better than those of actual precipitation condition. Organic matter content and dissolved organic carbon content were higher under litter coverage measures than those under litter mixture measures, while other indices varied differently in different S. salsa growth period. (5) The germination, plant height, numbers of branch, chlorophyll content and fresh weight under the two artificial freshwater intervention schemes were better than those under actual precipitation condition. Litter coverage measure could promote the growth of S. salsa and phosphorus accumulation. The effects of litter coverage or mixture measures on plant height, numbers of branch and chlorophyll content were not significant. (6) The thesis established the optimal management pattern for the restoration of the degraded wetlands, and identified the function of the artificial promotion pattern in the restoration of the degraded wetland restoration in the Yellow River delta. The artificial promotion pattern began with seeds germination, and studied the effects of N and P, N/P ratio on the germination and seedling growth of S. salsa. Combined with limited freshwater intervention schemes, litter coverage or mixture measures, and halophytes plantation, the pattern of the optimal artificial promotion to restore degraded wetland was established, that is, high N and low P (N/P=17) + priming tecnology + manual intervention schemeⅠ + litter coverage measure.