The invention belongs to the technical field of microorganisms, and particularly relates to a method for efficiently and directionally enriching and separating hydrogen-producing bacteria and an application of the hydrogen-producing bacteria obtained by separation in fermentation hydrogen production, acetic acid production and butyric acid production. Heating activated sludge, adding inducer amorphous pyrite, and incubating under oligonutrient condition; The incubated culture is transferred to MSG enrichment culture medium containing amorphous pyrite for culture, and the culture product is further subcultured to obtain hydrogen-producing enriched flora. The method provided by the invention can realize efficient and convenient enrichment and separation of hydrogen-producing flora or strains, and has important guiding significance and wide application prospect in the industrial production process of hydrogen production by microbial fermentation.
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