滨海河口潮滩中微塑料的表面风化和成分变化

doi:10.1360/N972017-00911

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	滨海河口潮滩中微塑料的表面风化和成分变化
其他题名	Surface weathering and changes in components of microplastics from estuarine beaches
	周倩 ; 章海波; 周阳 ; 代振飞 ; 李远 ; 付传城 ; 涂晨 ; 王文海; 骆永明
发表期刊	科学通报
ISSN	0023-074X
	2018-01-20
卷号	63 期号:02 页码:214-224
关键词	微塑料河口潮滩方法学表面风化成分变化
研究领域	环境污染及其防治
DOI	10.1360/N972017-00911
产权排序	(1)中国科学院海岸带环境过程与生态修复重点实验室(烟台海岸带研究所); (2)中国科学院大学资源与环境学院; (3)浙江农林大学环境与资源学院浙江省土壤污染生物修复重点实验室
作者部门	海岸带环境过程实验室
英文摘要	Microplastics are a type of emerging environmental pollutant that has been the subject of increasing concern worldwide. The surface morphology, composition and changes in the distribution of microplastics in the environment are poorly understood. The corresponding research methodology is also at the exploratory stage. Here, we examine typical estuarine sediments from Shandong Province, east China, that are influenced by intensive human activity. The microplastics are separated from the sediments using an apparatus of continuous flow and floating separation. The microplastics samples are processed to determine the types, morphology and changing composition of microplastics present using a range of advanced microscopic and microanalytical methods. The aim is to understand the weathering and subsequent surface changes in the microplastics under the environmental conditions of estuarine sediments. Optical microscope and scanning electron microscope-energy spectrum (SEM-EDS) analysis shows that foams and pellets, together with fragments, fibers and films, are present in the estuarine sediments. The five shape types of microplastics had different weathering surface morphologies compared to the corresponding large plastic debris from the same sampling sites and to the corresponding commercial plastic products. The surfaces of the commercial products are smooth. The surfaces of plastic debris appear to be slightly broken and aged while the surface of microplastics from the same sites show many more microholes, cracks or protuberances. This indicates that the surfaces of microplastics on the estuarine beaches have been strongly weathered. Scratches, creases, microholes, cracks, either concave or convex and of various shapes and sizes were found on the surfaces of microplastics from the coastal environment, possibly due to mechanical friction, chemical oxidation and/or biological attack. Attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FT-IR) was used to find oxygen-containing functional groups such as carboxylic acids, aldehydes and esters or ketones on the microplastic surfaces from the tidal flats on the basis of polymer component analysis. The two selected shape types, namely foams and fragments from soft plastic woven bags, had different infrared spectra than their corresponding large plastic debris from the same sampling sites and to the original commercial plastic products. The surfaces of these two microplastics had more complicated infrared spectra near the fingerprint area. This implies that the aging process of large plastic debris may be an important source of microplastics in the environment. A polymer blend of both polyethylene and polypropylene was identified in the fibers using pyrolysis gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (pyr-GC-MS). The pyr-GC-MS analysis also indicates that the pyrolysis products were much common on the aged surfaces of foams from the beach than on the inner part of foams after removal of the aged surfaces, including mainly compounds containing oxygen or nitrogen such as oleanitrile, trans-13-docosenamide, α-n-normethadol; 1,1-diphenyl-spiro[2,3] hexane-5-carboxylic acid, methyl ester, hexadecanoic acid, octadecyl ester and hexadecanoic acid, hexadecyl ester. The surficial morphology, composition and possible properties of microplastics from the estuarine beaches were clearly different from those of the original commercial plastic products.
中文摘要	微塑料作为新兴环境污染物日益受到关注,但对真实环境中不同类型微塑料的表面形貌、成分及其变化了解甚少,相应的方法学研究多处于探索阶段.本研究以受人类活动强烈影响的黄渤海沿岸河口潮滩为对象,运用多种显微技术和微分析方法,研究了微塑料类型、表面形貌及其成分变化.采用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜(scanning electron microscope,SEM)分析表明,潮滩环境中微塑料除了碎片、纤维、薄膜等形貌类型外,还存在发泡类和树脂类颗粒.表面呈现不同形状和大小的皱褶、微孔、裂纹或凸起等,可能受到了机械摩檫、化学氧化或生物侵蚀等作用.运用衰减全反射傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,ATR-FT-IR),在分析微塑料聚合物成分的基础上,鉴定出潮滩环境中微塑料表面具有羧酸、醛、酯或酮类等含氧官能团.通过裂解气相色谱-质谱(pyrolysis gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,pyr-GC-MS)不仅鉴定出纤维类微塑料是聚乙烯与聚丙烯共混聚合物,还观测到发泡类风化表层与剥离风化表层后的内部之间的成分差异,其中,油酸腈、芥酸酰胺、ɑ-N-去甲基美沙醇、1,1-二苯基-螺[2,3]-己烷-5-羧酸甲酯、棕榈酸十八酯和棕榈酸十六酯等含氧、含氮化学物为风化表层特有,进一步证实了河口潮滩环境中微塑料表面含氧物质的存在.由此可见,环境中微塑料表面在风化的同时还发生了成分的变化.未来应关注海岸和海洋中微塑料的表面变化过程和生态环境效应研究.
资助机构	中国科学院前沿科学重点研究项目#QYZDJ-SSW-DQC015 ; 科技部重点科技专项#2016YFC1402202 ; 国家自然科学基金#41771351
收录类别	EI ; CSCD
语种	中文
CSCD记录号	CSCD:6185560
引用统计
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://ir.yic.ac.cn/handle/133337/24339
专题	中国科学院海岸带环境过程与生态修复重点实验室_海岸带环境过程实验室中国科学院海岸带环境过程与生态修复重点实验室_污染过程与控制实验室中国科学院海岸带环境过程与生态修复重点实验室
作者单位	1.中国科学院海岸带环境过程与生态修复重点实验室(烟台海岸带研究所); 2.中国科学院大学资源与环境学院; 3.浙江农林大学环境与资源学院浙江省土壤污染生物修复重点实验室
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	周倩,章海波,周阳,等. 滨海河口潮滩中微塑料的表面风化和成分变化[J]. 科学通报,2018,63(02):214-224.
APA	周倩.,章海波.,周阳.,代振飞.,李远.,...&骆永明.(2018).滨海河口潮滩中微塑料的表面风化和成分变化.科学通报,63(02),214-224.
MLA	周倩,et al."滨海河口潮滩中微塑料的表面风化和成分变化".科学通报 63.02(2018):214-224.