The invention belongs to the field of molecular biology and genetic engineering, and specifically relates to construction and applications of a genetically engineered bacteria used for rapid and efficient adsorption of mercury ions. The genetically engineered bacteria (Top10/pBATGst) is constructed by displaying a large amount of glutathione S transferase (GST), which comes from proteus mirabilis, on the surface of escherichia coli (Top10) via secretion signals of an autotransporter protein. Top10/pBATGst is capable of absorbing mercury ions in water rapidly and effectively. Adsorption rate of the engineered bacteria on mercury ions in sea water and fresh water can be more than 95%, operation process is simple, and mercury ions absorbed by the engineered bacteria can be recycled via adjustment of Ph value. Therefore it is possible for the engineered bacteria Top10/pBATGst to play an important role in adsorption, recycle and reuse of mercury ions in the environment.
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