The invention discloses an online dual-light-path water environment measurement device based on spectral measurement technology. The online dual-light-path water environment measurement device comprises a sealing shell, the shell is internally provided with a detection optical unit and a signal processing unit, and the middle of the shell is provided with a detection pool; a light source control panel controls a light source to work, and the light source emits ultraviolet-visible light; the ultraviolet-visible light is changed into parallel light after passing through a first lens; the parallel light is divided into two paths after passing through a semi-permeable semi-reflective mirror, one path of light is focused by a second lens after passing through light windows of the detection pool and then transmitted to an acquisition module through optical fibers and is used for testing a water sample to be tested, and the other path of light serving as reference signals of light source energy change is received by a photoelectric detector and then transmitted to a control and signal processing module. The online dual-light-path water environment measurement device has the advantages that solar energy is adopted for power supply, long-term operation can be achieved, a light window cleaning system is adopted, and precision of measured data can be guaranteed.
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