The invention relates to a method belonging to the technical field of environment protection and particularly relates to a nano-magnesium hydroxide/nitrogen doped porous carbon composite material prepared from seaweed biomasses and a preparation method thereof. The composite material is prepared by the following steps : immersing the seaweed biomasses into a magnesium ion-urea solution, adjusting the pH (Potential of Hydrogen) of a system to 9.5-10, and carrying out a hydrothermal carbonization reaction after adjusting to obtain the nano-magnesium hydroxide/nitrogen doped porous carbon composite material. The preparation method provided by the invention has the advantage that a biomass fresh sample can be treated by a hydrothermal reaction and seaweed fresh samples or biomasses with high moisture content can be directly used as reaction materials, so that a step of drying and dehydrating in advance before previous seaweed biomass reaction treatment is not needed; meanwhile, the temperature of a hydrothermal reaction system is lower than 220 DEG C and the hydrothermal reaction belongs to a low-temperature hydrothermal reaction; and the energy consumption is reduced and the operability and safety of nano-magnesium hydroxide/nitrogen doped seaweed-based porous carbon prepared by the hydrothermal reaction are guaranteed.
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