Biogeochemistry of Estuaries offers a comprehensive and interdisciplinary approach to understanding biogeochemical cycling in estuaries. Designed as a text for intermediate to advanced students, this book utilizes numerous illustrations and an extensive literature base to impart the current state-of-the-art knowledge in this field. While many of the existing books in estuarine science are comprised of edited volumes, typically focused on highly specific topics in estuaries,Biogeochemistry of Estuaries provides, for the first time, a unique foundation in the areas of geomorphology, geochemistry, biochemistry, aqueous chemistry, and ecology, while making strong linkages (trhoughout the text) to ecosystem-based processes in estuarine sciences. Estuaries, located at the interface between land and the coastal ocean are dynamic, highly productive systems that, in many cases, have been historically associated with development of many of the great centers of early human civilization. Consequentially, these systems have and continue to be highly impacted by anthropogenic inputs. This timely book takes the foundational basis of elemental cycling in estuarine and applies it to estuarine management issues. Biogeochemistry of Estuaries will be welcomed by estuarine/marine scientists, ecologists, biogeochemists, and environmentalists around the world.

Preface......Page 8
Acknowledgments......Page 10
Contents......Page 12
Estuarine Science And Biogeochemical Cycles......Page 18
Human Impact on Estuaries and Management Issues......Page 21
Biogeochemical Cycles in Estuaries......Page 24
Summary......Page 25
Origin And Geomorphology......Page 28
Distribution and Sedimentary Processes within Estuarine Types......Page 34
Summary......Page 47
Hydrodynamics......Page 49
General Circulation, Mixing Patterns, and Salt Balance......Page 56
Residence Times......Page 65
Summary......Page 68
Physical Properties And Gradients......Page 72
Physical Properties of Water and Solubility of Salts......Page 75
Sources and Mixing of Dissolved Salts in Estuaries......Page 80
Concepts and Measurement of Salinity......Page 87
Reactivity of Dissolved Constituents......Page 89
Ion Activity, Speciation, and Equilibrium Models......Page 90
Effects of Suspended Particulates and Chemical Interactions......Page 95
Summary......Page 96
Dissolved Gases In Water......Page 99
Composition of the Atmosphere......Page 100
Atmosphere…Water Exchange......Page 102
Water-to-Air Fluxes of Carbon Dioxide and Other Dissolved Gases in Estuaries......Page 105
Summary......Page 114
Sources And Distribution Of Sediments......Page 118
Erosion, Transport, and Sedimentation......Page 121
Estuarine Turbidity Maximum, Benthic Boundary Layer, and Fluid Muds......Page 126
Summary......Page 132
Isotope Geochemistry......Page 134
Radionuclides in Estuarine Research......Page 137
Stable Isotopes......Page 174
Summary......Page 186
Organic Matter Cycling......Page 192
Particulate and Dissolved Organic Matter in Estuaries......Page 196
Decomposition of Organic Detritus......Page 215
Early Diagenesis......Page 219
Animal…Sediment Relations and Organic Matter Cycling......Page 229
Controls on the Preservation of Organic Matter in Estuarine Sediments......Page 232
Summary......Page 236
Characterization Of Organic Matter......Page 239
Molecular Biomarkers......Page 250
Summary......Page 309
Nitrogen Cycle......Page 314
Transformations and Cycling of Inorganic and Organic Nitrogen......Page 326
Sediment…Water Exchange of Dissolved Nitrogen......Page 341
Nitrogen Budgets for Selected Estuaries......Page 351
Summary......Page 358
Phosphorus And Silica Cycles......Page 361
Phosphorus Fluxes Across the Sediment…Water Interface......Page 366
Cycling of Inorganic and Organic Phosphorus......Page 372
Phosphorus Budgets from Selected Estuaries......Page 377
Sources of Silica to Estuaries......Page 380
Silica Cycling......Page 383
Summary......Page 386
Sulfur Cycle......Page 388
Cycling of Inorganic and Organic Sulfur in Estuarine Sediments......Page 390
Cycling of Inorganic and Organic Sulfur in Estuarine Waters......Page 403
Summary......Page 408
Carbon Cycle......Page 410
Transformations and Cycling of Dissolved Inorganic Carbon......Page 411
Carbon Dioxide and Methane Emissions in Estuaries......Page 417
Transformations and Cycling of Dissolved and Particulate Organic Carbon......Page 428
The Ecological Transfer of Carbon......Page 437
Carbon Budgets for Selected Estuaries......Page 438
Summary......Page 449
Trace Metal Cycling......Page 451
Background on Metal Ion Chemistry......Page 453
Trace Metal Cycling in the Water Column......Page 459
Trace Metal Cycling and Fluxes in Sediments......Page 471
Summary......Page 476
Anthropogenic Stressors In Estuaries......Page 480
Partitioning and Toxicity of Trace Metals......Page 485
Partitioning and Toxicity of Hydrophobic Organic Contaminants......Page 487
Nutrient Loading and Eutrophication......Page 496
Historical Reconstruction of Environmental Change......Page 501
Summary......Page 506
Estuarine–coastal Interactions......Page 510
River-Dominated Ocean Margins......Page 513
Groundwater Inputs to the Coastal Ocean......Page 517
Summary......Page 519
Glossary......Page 527
References......Page 550
Index......Page 704