海岸带环境过程实验室知识库

(1) 中国科学院烟台海岸带研究所

In order to study the effect of oil spill pollutions on the accumulation and migration of heavy metals in vegetative organs of Phragmites australis, the samples of soil at 0-10 cm depth and roots, stems and leaves of Phragmites australis were collected from the area of new and old oil wells and non-oil wells in Shengli Oilfield of the Yellow River Delta on July 22-28, 2018. The contents of heavy metals (Pb, Mn, Co, Ni, Zn) in vegetative organs of Phragmites australis and the contents of total petroleum hydrocarbons and 5 kinds of heavy metals in surface soil were measured. The results showed that the effect of petroleum hydrocarbons on the enrichment of Pb, Mn, Co and Ni in vegetative organs of Phragmites australis was mainly due to the influence of the roots in areas of new and old oil wells. In area of new oil wells, when total petroleum hydrocarbons content in surface soil was 214 mug/g, contents of Co, Mn and Pb were the highest, which were 3.14 mg/kg, 206.59 mg/kg and 9.10 mg/kg. When total petroleum hydrocarbons content in surface soil was 283 mug/g, content of Ni was the highest, which was 27.16 mg/kg. In area of old oil wells, when total petroleum hydrocarbons content in surface soil was 262 mug/g, contents of Co, Mn, Ni and Pb were the highest, which were 3.28 mg/kg, 166.74 mg/kg, 18.60 mg/kg and 4.27 mg/kg. When contents of total petroleum hydrocarbons were 283-385 mug/g, the inhibitory effect turns to a promoting effect on Pb, Co and Mn in vegetative organs of Phragmites australis. When contents of total petroleum hydrocarbons were less than 283 mug/g, the effect of oil spill pollutants could be neglected in area of new oil wells. Under the similar contents of total petroleum hydrocarbons, removal efficiency of 5 kinds of heavy metals by vegetative organs of Phragmites australis in new oil wells were better than those in area of old oil wells.

为了研究黄河三角洲胜利油田的油气开采对当地芦苇(Phragmites australis)营养器官中重金属富集和迁移的影响,于2018年7月22~28日,采集新、老油田区和非油田区内芦苇根、茎、叶样品和表层(0~10 cm深度)土壤样品,测定芦苇各营养器官中的5种重金属(Pb、Mn、Co、Ni和Zn)含量以及表层土壤样品中的5种重金属含量和总石油烃含量,分析土壤中的总石油烃对芦苇营养器官内重金属富集和迁移的影响。研究结果表明,在新、老油井区,表层土壤中的石油烃主要对芦苇根部富集Pb、Mn、Co和Ni的能力产生影响;在新油井区,当表层土壤中总石油烃质量比为214 mug/g时,芦苇根中的Co、Mn和Pb质量比最大,分别为3.14 mg/kg、206.59 mg/kg和9.10 mg/kg,当表层土壤中总石油烃质量比为283 mug/g时,芦苇根中的Ni质量比最大,为27.16 mg/kg;在老油井区,当表层土壤中总石油烃质量比为262 mug/g时,重金属Co、Mn、Ni和Pb含量都达到最大值,分别为3.28 mg/kg、166.74 mg/kg、18.60 mg/kg和4.27 mg/kg;在新油井区,当表层土壤中总石油烃质量比为283~385 mug/g时,石油烃促进了芦苇营养器官中的Pb、Co和Mn向上迁移,当表层土壤中总石油烃质量比小于283 mug/g时,石油烃的影响可以忽略不计;当新、老油井区表层土壤中总石油烃含量相近时,新油井区芦苇对土壤中重金属的去除效果优于老油井区。