莱州湾海域空间开发利用格局及强度分析

	莱州湾海域空间开发利用格局及强度分析
	杜培培
学位类型	硕士
导师	吴晓青副研究员中国科学院烟台海岸带研究所 ; 刘玉龙高级工程师烟台市城市规划编研中心
	2016-05
学位授予单位	中国科学院大学
学位授予地点	北京
学位专业	环境工程
关键词	莱州湾海域空间开发利用强度评价 Gis Laizhou Bay Sea Use Development And Utilization In marIne Space Intensity Evaluation Gis
其他摘要	海湾地区具有良好的地理区位和自然环境条件，拥有丰富的自然资源，因而承受了人类高强度的开发利用活动。近年来，随着我国一系列沿海开发战略的实施，海湾地区海域资源开发利用规模和强度逐年增大，不仅加剧了海域空间供求矛盾及各行业之间的用海矛盾，也给近岸海域生态环境保护和海域管理带来巨大挑战。在这种情况下，全面掌握海湾海域空间开发利用活动的组成和空间分布，综合分析和评价海域开发利用强度、空间差异及海域开发利用中存在的问题，对于促进海域资源合理配置，科学指导海域管理和生态保护工作具有重要意义。本研究以莱州湾为研究区，基于”3S”技术，集成多种数据源，绘制莱州湾海域空间开发利用活动分布图，并建立评价指标，从海域空间开发利用结构、分布格局、空间利用现状水平、船舶分布特征以及对海域生态环境的压力等方面对莱州湾海域空间开发利用现状进行综合分析与评价；结合海域空间开发利用活动与海洋功能区划和海洋生态红线区分布与管理的一致性分析，提出莱州湾海域空间开发利用优化调整方向和海域使用监管建议。本研究的特色和创新点体现在：从海湾整体层面绘制莱州湾海域空间开发利用活动分布图；采用聚集度指数分析海域空间开发利用格局；从船舶分布角度揭示莱州湾海域空间开发利用活动强度及其时空差异性。研究结果发现：莱州湾海域空间开发利用活动类型多样，但以开放式养殖和盐业用海为主；空间分布上存在明显差异，表现在：西部海域开发利用活动类型相对较为单一；中部和东部则较为多样化；近岸海域围填海强度较大，非开放式用海占据较大比重。莱州湾海域空间开发利用现状水平总体较高，且具有明显的空间差异，呈现出中部>整体>东部>西部海域的特点；海域空间开发利用活动斑块均呈现团聚分布格局，特别是围海养殖、盐田等类型；海域空间开发利用活动所导致的生态环境压力随着离岸距离增加而降低，压力高值区分布在潍坊港、莱州港、龙口港三大港口附近海域；海上船舶分布特征揭示了莱州湾海域空间利用强度的时空差异性；黄海三角洲南岸、广饶近岸、潍坊港、小清河口等局部海域空间开发利用活动与海洋基本功能和海洋生态红线管理要求存在冲突；未来需要对莱州湾海域空间开发利用结构进行优化调整，加强海洋生态红线区海域开发利用活动的监管。 ; Due to good geographical location, natural conditions, and abundant marine resources, the development and utilization activities in the gulf region have been high-intensive. Recently, with the implementation of a series of coastal development strategy in our country, the scale and intensity of development and utilization on marine resources has been increased year by year. This situation not only has exacerbated the contradiction of supply and demand of marine resource or among marine industries, but also has brought some severe challenges on the protection and management of marine eco-environment. Under the circumstances, it is necessary to comprehensively understand the composition structure and spatial distribution of the marine development and utilization activities; analyze and evaluate the intensity, spatial differences of marine development and utilization, and existing problems during the process of i development and utilization of marine space, which will help to promote the rational allocation of marine resources, and support the marine management and ecological protection. Taking Laizhou Bay as an example, the spatial pattern and intensity of development and utilization in marine space were studied applying “3S” (RS, GIS, GPS) technology in this study. The main research contents were listed as follows: 1) mapping the current distribution of marine space development activities in Laizhou Bay and analyzing the sea use structure and spatial pattern; 2) evaluating the utilization degree of marine space and the pressure level on marine eco-environment based on some evaluation indices;3) analyzing the time variation characteristics of the marine ships in order to show the human activities pressure on marine environment;4) identifying the conflict areas between spatial utilization activities and the marine functional zone and red line sea area; 5) proposing countermeasures for adjusting and controlling the spatial utilization in marine environment. This study included two innovation points: 1) mapping the spatial utilization of Laizhou Bay based on an integrative view, and analyzing the spatial pattern of sea use using the aggregation index;2) studying the intensity of development and utilization of marine space by analyzing the distribution and temporal variation of marine ships. The results showed that: 1) marine aquaculture with open water and sea use in salt industry were major sea use types in Laizhou Bay;2) there was obvious spatial differentiation of sea use diversity level and intensity of sea reclamation in Laizhou Bay; 3) the sequence of space utilization level from high to low was: the central sea area, the east and the west; 4) the pressure intensity on the marine environment generated by the ocean utilization decreased as offshore distance increased, and the sea areas of Weifang port, Laizhou port and Longkou port were more stronger than the other area; 5) the time variation characteristics of marine ships indicated the tempo-spatial variation of utilization intensity of marine space; 6) the contradiction between the resource utilization and marine functional zone management and ecological protection were was evident and intensive in sea areas of southern Yellow River estuary, GuangRao, Weifang port, Xiaoqing River mouth;7)in the future, some countermeasures and suggestions were presented to adjust the utilization structure and manage sea use activities in Laizhou Bay.
文献类型	学位论文
条目标识符	http://ir.yic.ac.cn/handle/133337/13929
专题	中国科学院烟台海岸带研究所知识产出_学位论文
作者单位	中国科学院烟台海岸带研究所
第一作者单位	中国科学院烟台海岸带研究所
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	杜培培. 莱州湾海域空间开发利用格局及强度分析[D]. 北京. 中国科学院大学,2016.

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